Henan Xuye Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.
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Continuous charcoal making machine is an industrial equipment used for high-temperature carbonization of materials. It adopts a continuous feeding and discharging working mode to achieve efficient carbonization of raw materials such as biomass and organic waste. Compared with traditional intermittent carbonization furnaces, continuous carbonization furnace has significant advantages such as high production efficiency, high energy utilization, and stable product quality. It has been widely used in biochar preparation, activated carbon production, waste resource utilization and other fields.
Production process description:
Raw material pretreatment: The raw materials must meet the particle size <20mm and appropriate moisture requirements to ensure that they meet the feeding standards;
Automatic feeding system: The raw materials are transported to the main carbonization furnace through a fully sealed spiral feeding device;
Efficient carbonization: Biochar conversion can be completed after heating for 15-20 minutes;
Intelligent cooling: The water-cooled discharge system ensures that the finished product temperature drops to about 30°C;
Energy recycling:
The synthetic combustible gas produced can be directly reused as heating fuel;
Environmental treatment:
The waste gas is double-treated by a condenser + dust removal tower, which strictly complies with EU emission standards;
Support customized high-end dust removal systems to meet special environmental protection requirements.
The continuous carbonization furnace is mainly composed of five parts: feeding system, carbonization reaction system, cooling system, tail gas treatment system and automatic control system. The structure and function of each part are introduced in detail below.
1.Feeding system
The feeding system is responsible for feeding the raw materials into the carbonization furnace evenly and stably to ensure continuous production. The main components include:
Pretreatment equipment: crusher, dryer (reduce the moisture content of the material to <20%).
Conveying device:
Screw conveyor (suitable for powdered or small particles).
Belt conveyor (suitable for larger particles).
Sealing device: prevent external air from entering the carbonization furnace
2.Carbonization reaction system
The carbonization reaction system is the core part of the continuous carbonization furnace, usually using a horizontal rotary kiln or a vertical multi-layer furnace structure, mainly including:
Preheating and drying area (100-200℃): Evaporating the moisture in the material.
Carbonization main reaction area (300-600℃): Pyrolysis reaction in an oxygen-deficient environment to generate charcoal and combustible gas.
Furnace structure:
Rotary kiln type: The furnace body rotates slowly to heat the material evenly.
Heating method:
External heating type: gas heating (used during initial startup).
Self-heating type: Combustible gas generated by pyrolysis is used for combustion and heating (main operating mode).
The high temperature charcoal (400-600℃) after carbonization needs to be cooled quickly to prevent spontaneous combustion or oxidation. Cooling methods include:
Water-cooled screw conveyor: The charcoal is indirectly cooled by cooling water during the screw conveying process.
Enclosed cooling cylinder: The charcoal is cooled by external circulating water under sealed protection.
4.Exhaust treatment system
During the pyrolysis process, combustible gases (CO, H₂, CH₄), tar and wood vinegar are produced, which need to be recycled or purified:
Condenser: cools the high-temperature gas and separates wood vinegar and tar.
Gas purification device: spray tower and electrostatic precipitator remove dust and acidic gases (such as H₂S).
Gas recycling:
Combustion heating: part of the gas returns to the combustion chamber to maintain the carbonization temperature.
Power generation or heating: excess gas can be used in boilers or gas generators.
5.Automatic control system
Modern continuous carbonization furnaces are usually equipped with PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) + sensor system to achieve automatic operation:
Temperature control: Thermocouples monitor the temperature of each area and adjust the gas supply.
Pressure control: Ensure a slight negative pressure in the furnace to prevent gas leakage.
Feed speed adjustment: Adjust the speed of the screw conveyor according to temperature feedback.
Safety alarm system: Automatically shut down in case of over-temperature, over-pressure, and oxygen leakage.
Charcoal is an important biomass charcoal product, widely used in industry, agriculture, metallurgy, environmental protection and daily life. Different raw materials directly affect the quality, calorific value, combustion characteristics and production cost of charcoal. This report analyzes common charcoal production raw materials, evaluates their applicability and advantages and disadvantages, and provides a reference for the selection of carbonization equipment and the optimization of production processes.
1.Classification and characteristics of charcoal raw materials
1.1 Wood raw materials
Wood is a traditional raw material for charcoal production, mainly including:
Hardwood (such as oak, birch, beech, etc.)
Advantages: high density, stable structure after carbonization, high calorific value (7000-8000 kcal/kg), low ash content (<5%).
Disadvantages: high cost, long growth cycle, and reasonable felling is required to protect forest resources.
Softwood (such as pine, fir, poplar, etc.)
Advantages: fast growth, wide source, suitable for large-scale production.
Disadvantages: low calorific value (6000-7000 kcal/kg), high volatile matter, and easy to break after carbonization.
1.2 Agricultural waste
Agricultural waste is a low-cost and sustainable charcoal raw material, mainly including:
Rice husks, peanut shells, coconut shells
Advantages: wide source, low price, ash can be recycled (such as making silicon fertilizer).
Disadvantages: low calorific value (5000-6000 kcal/kg), pretreatment (crushing, drying) is required to improve carbonization efficiency.
Corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse
Advantages: high cellulose content, high porosity after carbonization, suitable for making activated carbon.
Disadvantages: high moisture content (>30%), additional drying treatment is required.
1.3 Forestry processing residues
Sawdust, wood chips, branches
Advantages: uniform particles, easy to automate carbonization (such as Xuye continuous carbonizer can directly process raw materials <20mm).
Disadvantages: Need to be compressed (such as made into pellets or rods) to increase the bulk density and carbonization efficiency.
1.4 Other biomass raw materials
Bamboo
Advantages: Fast growth, high hardness after carbonization, suitable for making barbecue charcoal.
Disadvantages: High silicon content, easy to explode when burning.
Fruit core (such as olive core, coconut shell)
Advantages: High calorific value (8000+ kcal/kg), low ash content, suitable for high-quality charcoal.
Disadvantages: High cost of raw material collection.
2.Key factors in raw material selection
| Factor | Effect | Optimization Suggestions |
| Moisture content | Too high will reduce carbonization efficiency and increase energy consumption. | Control the moisture content of raw materials to <20% (can be pre-treated by drying ) |
| Particle size | Affects feed uniformity and carbonization speed | Crushed to <20mm (suitable for continuous carbonization equipment) |
| Ash content | Too high affects combustion quality | Choose raw materials with ash content <10% (such as hardwood, fruit core) |
| Volatile matter | Affects the fixed carbon content of charcoal | High temperature and slow carbonization can increase the fixed carbon ratio |
| Cost and sustainability | Determine long-term economic benefits | Agricultural waste or forestry residues are preferred |
High-quality charcoal: It is recommended to use raw materials such as hardwood and fruit cores to ensure high calorific value and low ash content.
Low-cost large-scale production: Agricultural waste (such as rice husks, corn cobs) and forestry residues (sawdust, wood chips) are ideal choices, but they need to be pre-treated.
Equipment adaptability: Xuye continuous carbonization machine is suitable for processing raw materials with uniform particles (<20mm) and low moisture content. It has a high degree of automation and can effectively reduce energy consumption.
Environmental compliance: Raw material selection needs to be combined with local resources to avoid over-reliance on deforestation and meet the requirements of sustainable development.
Suggested further optimization direction:
Develop a mixed raw material carbonization process to balance cost and quality.
Research raw material pretreatment technology (such as drying and compression) to improve carbonization efficiency.
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